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Tips For Getting Your Car Ready For Warm Weather Driving


The first warm weekend of the season traditionally triggers a symphony of cleaning products, vacuums and garden hoses. But while you might be in a hurry to put a shine on your vehicle, it's equally important to make sure it's ready for the warm weather on the inside as well as the outside.

"The most critical areas to check after the harsh winter months are engine fluids, radiator hoses, belts, tires and brakes," says Pat Goss, host of PBS' "MotorWeek" and Washington Post automotive columnist. "Adequately preparing these key areas of the car before the weather warms up will not only keep you safe while driving, they'll help prevent costly repairs."

After battling months of snow, sleet and icy roads, your vehicle is undoubtedly in need of some serious care. To make your spring trouble-free, follow this 10-point checklist for safety, dependability and fuel economy.

1. Remove your winter tires and rotate all-season radials-If you have winter tires, it's time to store them away. If you don't have winter tires, it's equally important to have all-season tires rotated or switched out for new ones.

2. Brake check-After a blistering winter, be sure to check your brakes. Warning signs include excessive grinding, squealing, screeching or chatter.

3. Wiper blades check-Wipers work hard over the winter months, wiping away dirt and debris on your windshield. Replace them in the spring before a shower makes it difficult to see.

4. Clean the underbody-In addition to washing the exterior, be sure to spray the underbody of your vehicle and underneath the rear and front bumpers to rinse away any salt build-up, which can lead to erosion and rusting. Use a high-pressure sprayer or garden hose for best results.

5. Apply a protectant-Any vinyl surface, such as the seats and the steering wheel, is susceptible to cracking, sun damage, and fading-so be sure to apply a protectant at the beginning of the season and touch-up regularly.

6. Change your oil-Give some thought to the kind of motor oil you have in your engine. Fully synthetic oils, such as Mobil 1, are specifically designed to protect your engine in hot weather, while optimizing your engine's efficiency and reducing oil consumption. (For more information about Mobil 1, go to www.mobiloil.com.)

7. Check all fluids-In the winter months, fluids are easily depleted as your engine works harder in the colder weather. Make sure to check, top off or replace all fluids, including brake, transmission, coolant, power steering and windshield washer fluid.

8. Pressure test-Assess the pressure of the cooling system, and examine belts and hoses for wear or deterioration.

9. Interior clean-up-Vacuum and be sure to throw away any unwanted garbage that has hibernated under your seats over the winter. Now is also the time to store your winter car mats in the garage.

10. Wash your car-All vehicles regardless of the finish (clear coat, acrylic, enamel, etc.) require regular washing throughout the year. To preserve your car's shine and protect the surface, wax your vehicle once it has dried completely.

"The warm weather is here-so be sure to follow these simple tips to ensure vehicle dependability in the warm months ahead," says Goss. "By taking care of your vehicle, it will more likely take care of you. And it will do it for a lot less money."


Tips For Getting Your Car Ready For Warm Weather Driving


The first warm weekend of the season traditionally triggers a symphony of cleaning products, vacuums and garden hoses. But while you might be in a hurry to put a shine on your vehicle, it's equally important to make sure it's ready for the warm weather on the inside as well as the outside.

"The most critical areas to check after the harsh winter months are engine fluids, radiator hoses, belts, tires and brakes," says Pat Goss, host of PBS' "MotorWeek" and Washington Post automotive columnist. "Adequately preparing these key areas of the car before the weather warms up will not only keep you safe while driving, they'll help prevent costly repairs."

After battling months of snow, sleet and icy roads, your vehicle is undoubtedly in need of some serious care. To make your spring trouble-free, follow this 10-point checklist for safety, dependability and fuel economy.

1. Remove your winter tires and rotate all-season radials-If you have winter tires, it's time to store them away. If you don't have winter tires, it's equally important to have all-season tires rotated or switched out for new ones.

2. Brake check-After a blistering winter, be sure to check your brakes. Warning signs include excessive grinding, squealing, screeching or chatter.

3. Wiper blades check-Wipers work hard over the winter months, wiping away dirt and debris on your windshield. Replace them in the spring before a shower makes it difficult to see.

4. Clean the underbody-In addition to washing the exterior, be sure to spray the underbody of your vehicle and underneath the rear and front bumpers to rinse away any salt build-up, which can lead to erosion and rusting. Use a high-pressure sprayer or garden hose for best results.

5. Apply a protectant-Any vinyl surface, such as the seats and the steering wheel, is susceptible to cracking, sun damage, and fading-so be sure to apply a protectant at the beginning of the season and touch-up regularly.

6. Change your oil-Give some thought to the kind of motor oil you have in your engine. Fully synthetic oils, such as Mobil 1, are specifically designed to protect your engine in hot weather, while optimizing your engine's efficiency and reducing oil consumption. (For more information about Mobil 1, go to www.mobiloil.com.)

7. Check all fluids-In the winter months, fluids are easily depleted as your engine works harder in the colder weather. Make sure to check, top off or replace all fluids, including brake, transmission, coolant, power steering and windshield washer fluid.

8. Pressure test-Assess the pressure of the cooling system, and examine belts and hoses for wear or deterioration.

9. Interior clean-up-Vacuum and be sure to throw away any unwanted garbage that has hibernated under your seats over the winter. Now is also the time to store your winter car mats in the garage.

10. Wash your car-All vehicles regardless of the finish (clear coat, acrylic, enamel, etc.) require regular washing throughout the year. To preserve your car's shine and protect the surface, wax your vehicle once it has dried completely.

"The warm weather is here-so be sure to follow these simple tips to ensure vehicle dependability in the warm months ahead," says Goss. "By taking care of your vehicle, it will more likely take care of you. And it will do it for a lot less money."


REFERENCES


REFERENCES


Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers, (1999). Collaborative Database of Sex Offender Treatment Outcome. ATSA Conference, Florida.

Bakker, L., Hudson, S.M., Wales, D., & Riley, D. (1998). An Evaluation of the Kia Marama Treatment Programme for Child Molesters. Christchurch, New Zealand: New Zealand Department of Justice.

George, W.H., & Marlatt, G.A. (1989). Introduction. In Laws D.R. (Ed.). Relapse Prevention with Sex Offenders (pp. 1-31). New-York: Guilford.

Hall, G.C.N., (1995). Sexual Offender Recidivism Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Recent Treatment Studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 802-809.

Hanson, R.K., & Bussière, M.T., (1998). Predicting Relapse: A Meta-Analysis of Sexual Offender Recidivism Studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66 (2), 348-362.

Hanson, R.K., Steffy, R.A., & Gauthier, R. (1993). Long-term Recidivism of Child Molesters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 646-652

Harris,G.T., Rice, M.E., & Cormier, C.A. (1994). Psychopaths: Is a therapeutic community therapeutic? Therapeutic communities, 15, 283-300.

Laws D.R. (Ed.) (1989). Relapse Prevention with Sex Offenders. New-York: Guilford.

Laws, D.R. (2001). Relapse prevention: Reconceptualisation and Revision. In Clive R. Hollin, Handbook of Offender Assessment and Treatmen (pp 297-307). John Wiley & Sons.

Looman, J., Abracen, J., & Nicolaichuk, T.P. (2000). Recidivism Among Treated Sexual Offenders and Matched Controls. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15 (3), 279-290.

Margaret, A.A., (1999). Sexual Offender Treatment Efficacy Revisited. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment,11 (2), 101.116.

Marques, J.K., Nelson, C., Alarcon, J.M., & Day, D.M., (2000). Preventing Relapse in Sex Offenders. What we learned from SOTEP's Experimental Treatment Program. In Laws, D.R., Hudson, S.M., & Ward, T., (Eds.), Remaking Relapse Prevention with Sex Offenders: A Sourcebook (pp 321-340). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Marshall, W.L., Anderson, D., & Fernandez, Y., (1999). Treatment Outcome. In Marshall, W.L., Anderson, D., & Fernandez, Y., Cognitive Behavioural Treatment of Sexual Offenders (147-163). Chichester, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Marshall, W., & Barbaree, H., (1988). An Outpatient treatment Program for Child Molesters. In Prentky, R., & Quinsey, V., (Vol. Eds.), Human Sexual Aggression: Current Perspectives (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences), Vol. 528, pp205-213. New York, New York Academy of Sciences.

Marshall, W., Eccles, A., & Barbaree, H. (1991). The Treatment of Exhibitionists: A Focus on Sexual Deviance versus Cognitive and Relationship features. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 29, 129-135.

McGrath, R.J., Hoke, S.E., & Vojtisek, J.E. (1998). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Sex Offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 25, 203-255.

Nicholaichuk, T., Gordon, A., Gu, D., & Wong, S. (2000). Outcome of an Institutional Sexual Offender Treatment Program: A Comparison between Treated and Matched Untreated Offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, Vol 12(2), 139-153.

Proulx, J., Ouimet, M., Pellerin, B., Paradis, Y., McKibben, A., & Aubut, J. (1998) Postreatment recidivism in sexual aggressors. Submitted for publication.

Quinsey, V.L., Khanna, A., & Malcolm, P.B. (1998). A Retrospective Evaluation of the Regional Treatment Centre Sex Offender Treatment Program. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 13 (5), 621-644.

Rice, M.E., Harris, G.T. & Quinsey, V.L. (2001). Research on the Treatment of Adult Sex Offenders. In Ashford, J.B., Sales, B.D., & Reid, W. H. (Eds.), Treating Adult and Juvenile Offenders with Special Needs, Washington DC, American Psychological Association.

Rice, M.E., Quinsey, V.L., & Harris, G.T. (1991). Sexual Recidivism among Child Molesters released from a Maximum Security Psychiatric Institution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 381-386.

Steele, N. (1995). Cost Effectiveness of Treatment. In Schwartz, B.K., & Cellini, H.R. (Eds.), The Sex Offender: Corrections, Treatment and Legal Practice (pp. 4.1 – 4.19) Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute.

Vernon, L.Q., Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., & Lalumière, M.L. (1993). Assessing Treatment Efficacy in Outcome Studies of Sex Offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol 8 (4), 512-523.

Worling, J., & Curwen, T. (1998) The Adolescent Sexual Offender Project: A 10-Year Follow-up Study. Report on the SAFE-T Program, Thistletown Regional Centre for Children and Adolescents, Toronto: Ontario



Tableau 1:      Traitement Cognitif et Comportemental (TC&C)
                        Résultats négatifs



Recherche
N
Rechute sexuelle (%)
R/A
Commentaires
TC&C
Contrôle


Rice et al. (1991)
58
38
31
R
Groupe pénitentiaire à haut risque
Programme traitement obsolète
Hanson et al. (1993)
197
44
38
R
Programme traitement obsolète
Quinsey et al. (1998)
475
33
9
R
Traitement non nécessaire (gr. contrôle)



17
R
Refus de traitement (gr. contrôle)



11
R
Traitement contre-indiqué (gr. contrôle)
Voir aussi Looman et al. (2000)
Marques et al. (2000)
392
10.8
13.8
R/A
Méthodologie parfaite / différence non significative


Tableau 1: R = traitement résidentiel (pénitentiaire ou psychiatrique carcéral), A = traitement ambulatoire dans la communauté.




Tableau 2:             Traitement Cognitif et Comportemental (TC&C)
                              Résultats positifs



Recherche
N
Rechute sexuelle (%)
R/A
Commentaires
TC&C
Contrôle


Marshall et all. (1988)
126
13
34
A
Abuseurs d'enfants


18
43
A
Victimes filles


13
43
A
Victimes garçons


 8
22
A
Inceste
Marshall et al. (1991)
61
39
57
A
Exhibitionnistes
Steele (1995)
428
9.6
16
R/A
Total agresseurs sexuels

204
14.5
27.3
R/A
Violeurs

160
4.6
6.4
R/A
Inceste

58
8.6
20.8
R/A
Abuseurs d'enfants
McGrath et al. (1998)
111
1.4
11.6
A

Bakker et al. (1998)
132
8
21
R
Abuseurs d'enfants
Proulx et al. (1998)
165
5.7
33.3
R/A
Abuseurs d'enfants


38.5
70.8
R/A
Violeurs
Nicholaichuk et al. (1998)
579
6.1
20.5
R
Total agr.sex. rechutes sex. violentes

579
14.5
33.2
R
Total agr.sex. toutes rechutes sex.


14.3
42
R
Violeurs


18.4
61.9
R
Abuseurs d’enfants
Worling et al. (1998)

5
18
R/A
Adolescents
Looman et al. (2000)
178
23.6
51.7
R
Réévaluation de Quinsey (1998)
(Nouveau groupe contrôle)

Tableau 2 : R = traitement résidentiel (pénitentiaire ou psychiatrique carcéral), A = traitement ambulatoire dans la communauté.